An index fund is a type of mutual fund or exchange-traded fund (ETF) that is designed to track the performance of a particular stock market index, such as the S&P 500 or the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The fund buys all or a representative sample of the stocks in the index, in the same proportions as the index itself.
Index funds offer several advantages over other types of investments:
- Low fees: Because index funds are passively managed, they have lower fees than actively managed funds.
- Diversification: Index funds invest in a wide range of companies across different industries, which reduces the risk of individual stock underperformance affecting the overall fund performance.
- Simplicity: Index funds are easy to understand and require little ongoing maintenance, making them a good option for novice investors.
- Consistent returns: Since index funds track the performance of a particular index, they tend to have consistent returns over the long term.
- Tax efficiency: Index funds generally have low turnover rates, which reduces the tax impact on investors.